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Special hemmed edges
Hemmed edges are used on most metal flashing systems. The hem or fold makes the flashing strong at the hem and helps control water flow. The hem can be turned up or down. Hems turned up are used at the high edge of flashings around roof penetrations, such as skylights, soil pipes and chimneys. Upturned hems are also used on the roof side of continuous sidewall flashings and on the vertical edge of open metal valleys. An upturned hem creates an air gap that resists the capillary migration of moisture from the metal to the roofing. They should never be hammered flat. Upturned hems also serve as hooks for attaching cleats. Downturned hems are used when flashings are lapped over the top of roofing or other materials, such as skylight glass.
Roofing granules are one of the basic components of bitumen roof shingles. They give them an aesthetical appeal. A combination of colors often results in a creative look. The aesthetic function and appearance of granules is important but there is an even more prime role of shingle granules.
Roofing granules work as a shield, protecting the integrity of the shingle from the outside elements. More specifically granules protect and preserve the bitumen shingle from solar ultraviolet radiation. They are designed to protect the asphalt coating of shingles from harsh UV sunlight. Some lighter colors and special reflective granules can also make your roof cooler which results in lower energy and utility bills.
Granules, which are predominantly manufactured using natural stone, are crushed, screened and sized to various gradation sizes. This goes from very small particles (0,425 mm) to the larger particles (1,7 mm) with multiple groups of sizes in between, all selected in specific percentages of the overall granule blend mixture. These granules are manufactured in such a way that when applied to and embedded in the shingles asphalt coating, the particles interlock together in order to provide the absolute maximum coverage of the asphalt. There is also the advantage that more rounded granules hold better in the asphalt coating compared to the flat shape e.g. granules produced from the slate
