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Counter and cap flashings

Counter flashing or cap flashing techniques will vary with the type of chimney finish, such as stucco, brick or stone. To keep water out of the chimney joint, begin by setting the counter metal flashing, typically copper, aluminum, or galvanized, into the brickwork or stucco. This is done by cutting out of a mortar joint to a depth of 2-4 cm and inserting the bent edge of the flashing into the cleared joint. Use one continuous piece of cap flashing for the front and one for the back part of the chimney. On the sides of the chimney, use several pieces of similar-sized flashing, trimming each piece to fit the particular location of brick joint and roof pitch. Start the side units at the lowest point and overlap each at least 7 cm side-to-side. This is a typical staggered (stepped) counter flashing for chimney or wall with mortar joints. Refill the joint when the cap flashing is installed with cement mortar, silicone caulk, or use a metal wedge and polyurethane sealant.

The continuous counter flashing technique uses a continuous metal piece instead of stepped counter flashing along the side of a chimney. It is an alternative to stepped counter flashings, which can lead to water leaks along the vertical joints in high wind or fine-grained snow.

Skylights and roof windows

Any glass structure that admits natural light through a roof can be called a skylight. Some manufacturers use the term roof window to describe a relatively large skylight placed low enough to see into the landscape. Roof windows are generally big enough to be considered an escape route in case of a fire.

Many skylight and roof window designs are being sold. Most provide their own instructions for flashing of the curb on which the skylight is mounted. The skylight curb is flashed much like a chimney. Installing self-adhesive underlayment up onto the curb is recommended. An apron flashing with a hemmed lower edge is installed on the base. A step flashing is installed on the sides; base flashing is installed upslope, holding one course of shingles away from the curb to encourage rain to wash away dirt and debris. The skylight itself provides the counter flashing or cap.

Single pitch ridge – shed roof

Occasionally, shingles are installed on a single pitch ridge (shed roof). The off flashing on a single pitch ridge turns down and just covers the top edge of the fascia board. It goes over the top and sits on top of the top course of shingles; it appears to have a layer of roofing cement under it.

Roof pitch transitions

The flashing used for pitch transitions is essentially the same whether the step pitch is on the high side, as in a porch transition, or on the low side, as on a mansard roof. The problem area is the termination of the lower course of shingles, where all the nails must be covered with transition metal strip. Therefore, the flashing must be placed under the shingles of the high slope, and overlap the fasteners on the face of the terminated shingle in the course below the transition.